King Witlaf’s Drinking-Horn

Summary


"King Witlaf's Drinking-Horn" is a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in which a Saxon king bequeaths his golden drinking-horn to the monks of Croyland, asking only that they pray for his soul as they feast. One Christmas night the monks drink deeply — toasting Witlaf, Christ, the Apostles, and an ever-growing roll of saints — until their Abbot dies mid-revel, goblet in hand. With black humour, the poem turns on what the surviving monks do next.

Read Online

Witlaf, a king of the Saxons,
Ere yet his last he breathed,
To the merry monks of Croyland
His drinking-horn bequeathed, —

That, whenever they sat at their revels,
And drank from the golden bowl,
They might remember the donor,
And breathe a prayer for his soul.

So sat they once at Christmas,
And bade the goblet pass;
In their beards the red wine glistened
Like dew-drops in the grass.

They drank to the soul of Witlaf,
They drank to Christ the Lord,
And to each of the Twelve Apostles,
Who had preached His holy word.

They drank to the Saints and Martyrs
Of the dismal days of yore,
And as soon as the horn was empty
They remembered one Saint more.

And the reader droned from the pulpit,
Like the murmur of many bees,
The legend of good Saint Guthlac,
And Saint Basil’s homilies;

Till the great bells of the convent,
From their prison in the tower,
Guthlac and Bartholomæus,
Proclaimed the midnight hour.

And the Yule-log cracked in the chimney
And the Abbot bowed his head,
And the flamelets flapped and flickered
But the Abbot was stark and dead.

Monks drinking at Christmas as their abbot dies clutching the golden horn, in King Witlaf's Drinking-Horn.

Yet still in his pallid fingers
He clutched the golden bowl,
In which, like a pearl dissolving,
Had sunk and dissolved his soul.

But not for this their revels
The jovial monks forbore,
For they cried, “Fill high the goblet!
We must drink to one Saint more.”

Credits

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of America's most celebrated 19th-century poets, beloved for his narrative verse and gift for dramatic storytelling. This poem draws on the medieval legend of Croyland Abbey and the historical Saxon king Witlaf, blending antiquarian detail with a darkly comic tone unusual in Longfellow's work.